| Mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cattle. It directly impacts milk yields, compromises animal health, and creates risks for food safety. A primary cause is Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen that leads to chronic infections that are difficult to treat. Our previous investigations have identified a specific variant of this pathogen, subtype CC8bov (also referred to as genotype B, GTB), as being widespread on Tyrolean dairy farms. This subtype exhibits an endemic distribution, predominantly found in dairy farms in the European Alpine region. However, the factors underlying the successful adaptation and widespread prevalence of CC8bov in comparison to other common mastitis-associated subtypes (CC97, CC151) remain largely unknown. Our research project aims to determine why the subtype CC8bov has successfully adapted to dairy cows in the alpine region. The project comprises four work packages: (1) Longitudinal monitoring of natural infections: We will conduct detailed, long-term monitoring of CC8bov-positive dairy cows, analyzing both pathogen- and host-specific factors. (2) Geno- and phenotypic analyses: We will conduct comparative studies on CC8bov isolates to assess traits such as growth in milk and interactions with host cells, and directly compare these characteristics with those of CC97 and CC151 reference strains. (3) Epidemiological monitoring: Over four consecutive seasons (2026 – 2029), we will track the distribution of S. aureus subtypes on Tyrolean dairy farms to understand their epidemiological dynamics. (4) Stakeholder engagement for practical relevance: To ensure the sustainability of the project’s findings, we will maintain continuous collaboration with farmers, veterinarians, and other stakeholders, fostering the exchange of knowledge and insights. By integrating field studies, comparative subtype-specific analyses, and long-term epidemiological monitoring, this project comprehensively investigates the pathogen- and host-specific factors that drive mastitis caused by the subtype CC8bov. Close collaboration with animal health services, local veterinarians, and farmers will ensure that the findings are effectively translated into practice, including tailored advice for managing mastitis at the subtype level. This research aims to improve animal health and to promote the responsible and prudent use of antibiotics. These objectives directly contribute to the sustainable management of bovine mastitis in Alpine dairy farming. |