| Cornus mas L. (Cornelian cherry), along with C. officinalis, is among the few species cultivated for the organoleptic and medicinal properties of its fruits. These drupe-like fruits, varying in shape from olive-like to pear-shaped, display a color spectrum from deep red to yellow and have been part of the human diet in Central Europe since the Iron Age. Archaeological findings document its dual role as a food and oil source, occasionally with ritual significance.
In Lower Austria, C. mas is considered native, with its main diversity center located in the flysch zone between Klosterneuburg and Amstetten, and at the eastern edge of the Vienna Basin. Populations with black-violet, red, yellow, and white fruits are found here. In the valleys of the Pielach, Gölsen, and Triesting rivers — where the plant is locally known as “Dirndl” — various measures are being implemented to conserve and characterize its genetic diversity, especially in response to climate change.
Due to its long lifespan and slow growth, breeding C. mas is time-consuming. A methodological tool was developed to facilitate the selection of suitable crossing partners, and a reference genome was established to identify traits associated with phenotypes relevant for adaptation and resilience. These tools support the long-term preservation of the species’ adaptive potential under changing ecological conditions. In parallel, phytosanitary measures are required to address the increased risk of viral and phytoplasma infections associated with expanded cultivation.
The project’s results aim to promote regional development, strengthen agricultural biodiversity, and support the sustainable use of this characteristic landscape species. In addition to its role in climate adaptation, C. mas offers potential for product innovation and supports the growing nature-based tourism in the region and surrounding areas. |